# WSPD Findings — Civilian Oversight Comparison

**State v. Matthew James McAchran (26CR302000-330)**

## Overview

Winston-Salem Police Department has a Citizen Police Review Board (CPRB). Kernersville PD does not. This comparison is relevant to Monell liability — KPD's lack of civilian oversight.

## Winston-Salem Civilian Oversight

### Citizen Police Review Board (CPRB)
- **Established**: 1999 (one of first in NC)
- **Authority**: Independent investigation of complaints
- **Process**: Public complaint intake, investigation, recommendations
- **Website**: wspd.org/190/Citizen-Police-Review-Board

### Complaint Process
1. File complaint online or in person
2. CP RB reviews and assigns investigator
3. Investigation completed within 90 days
4. Findings and recommendations issued
5. Police Chief responds to recommendations

## Kernersville PD — No Civilian Oversight

### Current Status
- **No CPRB**: Kernersville has no civilian review board
- **Internal Affairs**: Complaints handled internally
- **No Independent Review**: No external oversight mechanism

### Implications for Monell
- **Deliberate Indifference**: City cannot claim unaware of training deficiencies
- **Pattern Evidence**: 14-year pattern without correction
- **Policy Gap**: No mechanism for external review of misconduct

## WSPD vs. KPD Comparison

| Aspect | WSPD | KPD |
|--------|------|-----|
| Civilian Review | Yes (CPRB) | No |
| Complaint Process | Public, independent | Internal only |
| Investigation Timeframe | 90 days | Not specified |
| Public Access | Yes | Limited |
| External Oversight | Yes | No |

## Legal Significance

### Monell Liability
Under *Monell v. Dept. of Social Services*, 436 U.S. 658 (1978), municipal liability requires:
1. **Policy or custom** causing constitutional violation
2. **Deliberate indifference** to known risks
3. **Failure to train** or supervise

KPD's lack of civilian oversight:
- Shows deliberate indifference to misconduct
- Demonstrates no corrective mechanism
- Supports inference of policy failure

### Relevant Precedent
- **City of Canton v. Harris**, 489 U.S. 378 (1989) — failure to train
- **Connick v. Myers**, 461 U.S. 138 (1983) — policy causation
- **Pearson v. Callahan**, 555 U.S. 223 (2009) — qualified immunity

## Discovery Recommendations

1. **KPD Policies**: Request all policies on complaints, investigations, cannabis
2. **Training Records**: CNT training, cannabis law training, de-escalation
3. **Complaint History**: All complaints against Inman, Martin, Hampton
4. **WSPD Comparison**: For Monell pattern evidence

## Source Documents

- [KPD Misconduct Pattern](06-kpd-misconduct-pattern.md)
- [Civil Suit Analysis](05-civil-suit-analysis.md)
- [WSPD CPRB Website](https://www.wspd.org/190/Citizen-Police-Review-Board)